The Greatest Scientific Fraud Essays - Water Fluoridation

The Greatest Scientific Fraud Essays - Water Fluoridation The Greatest Scientific Fraud Miriah Killam Writing 122 David Rothgery October 12, 2000 The Greatest Case of Scientific Fraud I have been told I have a beautiful smile, and I once thought it was true. It is big and quick, the kind that flashes across a whole face to reveal pearly whites. The sad truth is, I have become slower to show my Colgate smile as I have watched the most important part of a smile, my teeth, become less and less dazzling. For years I couldn't understand; I brushed twice a day, flossed once a week, stayed away from staining beverages, and I didn't smoke. My dentist attributed my brittle teeth to the fact that I have some Native American heritage, and they are known to have less resistance to sugar. As I was offered no other plausible, I accepted it and continued my good dental habits. Then, last year I was browsing through the archives of alternative press releases, and one headline in particular caught my attention. The article was titled, EPA Whistleblowers on Fluoride. It stuck in my mind because as a child, the same dentist who told me my teeth were naturally more prone to decay pre scribed a once a week brushing routine with straight fluoride in combination with my use of nightly fluoride toothpaste. He said that I needed to take extra precautions because I moved into an area where the water was not fluoridated. My Grandmother told me the dentist was ridiculous; she claimed I received the proper amount of fluoride from the foods I ate and the amount that occurred naturally in water. I dismissed my Grandmother as behind the times', and diligently applied the nasty paste. Yet, as I read though the article, I was confronted with information that contradicted everything I and every other child had been told from birth. The article claimed, Fluoridation is the greatest case of scientific fraud of this century, if not of all time, (Earth Island Journal, Winter 1998). I became determined to be more informed and started researching all aspects of fluoride. My findings were shocking. For more than sixty years the United States Government has been telling the American public that fluoride compounds (generally referred to as fluoride) are safe and beneficial chemicals that reduce cavities- especially in children. Municipalities add it to drinking water, manufactures add it to beverages and food, and our dentists recommend that we use only fluoride-fortified toothpaste. What has all this led to, you might ask. What it has led to is the over-consumption of what is now recognized as a highly toxic, corrosive pollutant. Now, in fact, those on dialysis and nursing mothers are not recommended to consume any water containing additional fluoride because of its toxicity. Declassified papers of the Manhattan Project-the ultra-secret US military program that produced the atomic bomb state that Fluoride was the key chemical in atomic bomb production. One of the most toxic chemicals known, fluoride emerged as the leading health hazard of the US atomic bomb program, both for workers and for nearby communities. Much of the original proof that fluoride was safe for humans in low doses was generated by A-bomb program scientists who had been secretly ordered to provide evidence useful in litigation, because you see, the first lawsuits against the American A-bomb program were not over radiation, but over fluoride damage. Paul Connett is a professor of chemistry at St. Lawrence University in New York State and an international authority on environmental toxins. I realize that, because the pro-fluoride lobby has successfully portrayed the anti-fluoridationists as a bunch of crackpots, people have been kept away from this issue. And in fact, once I looked into the literature I was, quite frankly, appalled by the poor science underpinning fluoridation. I have grave concerns about the wisdom of putting this toxic substance into our drinking water. In the US, at the same time that the first fluoridation scheme was being introduced, scientists were admitting (in documents hitherto secret, but now disclosed under the Freedom of Information Act) that they had no idea what the effects of low-level exposure would be. The first such scheme was introduced in Grand Rapids, Michigan in 1945 as a long-term pilot study. Over a 15-year

7 Disadvantages of Joining a Fraternity or Sorority

7 Disadvantages of Joining a Fraternity or Sorority The benefits of joining  a fraternity or sorority are many, and its important to realize that Greek life in college has a lot of impressive things to offer. Its also important, however, to realize that there might be some challenges. So just what do you need to be aware of before officially pledging? You Might Be Stereotyped by Peers Even if you had a great impression of fraternities and sororities before you came to college - and an even better one once you learned about all the great initiatives your schools Greek organizations do - not all students share the same perception. Ignorant or well-informed, your fellow students might stereotype you once they know you belong to a certain Greek house. And while there might not be much you can do about that, its important to at least keep in mind. You Might Be Stereotyped by Faculty You might be having an amazing, life-changing experience as a member of your fraternity or sorority. But your professors - who were, after all, college students themselves once - might not have had as great of an experience during their own undergraduate years. Or they could have had problems in the past with students from your particular organization. While you are your own person and should be judged accordingly, just be aware of the perceptions some faculty members might have about how you spend your time outside of class. You Might Be Stereotyped by Future Employers While your Greek organization might be dedicated to, say, the study of biology or to social justice, an employer might not realize that while quickly skimming resumes. And while belonging to a fraternity or sorority with a large network can be an incredible asset, there might also be some challenges along the way. Being Active Can Be a Major Time Commitment Does this necessarily have to be a drawback to membership in your house? Of course not. But it is something to be aware of in advance, especially if you struggle with time management or you know that your time is going to be extremely limited during your college years. Joining Can Be Expensive While there often are scholarships available to students who need them to remain members of their Greek community, theres no guarantee those scholarships are going to come through. If finances are tight, make sure you are aware of what financial obligations youll have to your house. Ask about joining fees, dues, and other expenses - such as helping fund an annual event - that youll be responsible for. There Can Be Strong Personality Conflicts This, of course, is inevitable whenever youre involved with a group of people. And youll undoubtedly encounter personality conflicts in everything from your Chemistry study group to your rugby teammates. Keep in mind, however, that personality conflicts in a fraternity or sorority can get especially tense, given that people spend so much time together and often live in a shared space for several years in a row. You May Sometimes Feel Stuck in Routine and Commitments This years Halloween party might seem like the most amazing thing ever. But after working on it for months in advance, three years in a row, the Halloween party during your senior year might lose some of its ​luster. There can be ways to branch out and try new things within your fraternity or sorority, and a good one will encourage you to do so. Just be aware of what it will mean to pledge the rest of your college experience to one particular group.

EVALUATION OF PLAY IN DESIGN FOR BEHAVIORAL CHANGE Essay

EVALUATION OF PLAY IN DESIGN FOR BEHAVIORAL CHANGE - Essay Example However, through the interview there are both mistakes and improvements that when well covered would lead to a better game design that would accommodate all the aspects that would have been ignores in the previous design (Wolock et., al, 2010). It would be difficult to design a perfect game without a trial version. Through gained knowledge on the research nature it would be easier for the researcher to come up with aims and objectives that are supposed to be taken into account when designing a game. This would reduce the common mistakes which are obvious even to the fans hence creating a better understanding about the research in both quantitative and theoretical manner (Breakwell, 2006). Through research methodology, the dissertation is aimed at utilizing the various aspects such as philosophy, research design, research approaches and data collection to ascertain the requirements of play and design through research methodology (Ackermann, 2008). Fig1. Designing a game, Accessed from : http://moerg.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/img_1469.jpg?w=390&h=289, on 6th Nov 2011. Research Philosophy: Through the philosophical aspects it is important that the designer realizes the philosophical content of the research, for instance the realism, positivism and interpretive. These factors will determine the effects of the players and the audience. ... Research Strategies: According to Wolock et., al, (2010), in order to achieve any researcher has to strategize on the best methodology to use which depends on the requirements of the research design and play. There are effective research strategies like data collection resources, research objectives and approaches that would enhance the achievement of research project within the requirement, limits and scope of research (Archer, 1993). Working on effective research processes includes but not limited to case study, interviews, experiments, observations, surveys and literature review. These factors bring out a wider perception and research integrity within the projects that were managed according to the experimental analysis (Hourcade, 2008). Data Collection Through appropriate data collection method, the researcher would achieve a good play design with valid and reliable data and information. The researcher should involve both primary and secondary data collection methods (Ackermann, 2008). The primary date collection methods can be done through first hand information obtained from surveys and interviews conducted directly between the interviewer and the interviewee. This reduces chances of conveying irrelevant information as the interviewer would be able to study the interviewee to get more information (Breakwell, 2006). The secondary data collection method includes reading from journals, books and academic articles lust to mention. Once both methods of data collection are conduce about the play design, comparison can be done to ascertain the required information to be implemented on the play design (Bell, 2006) Needs and Pleasures    In order to achieve research design; we have to consider the design practice itself. At first

Supply chain managment Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Supply chain managment - Case Study Example Step 3 of the supply chain network design, which is examine the logistics/supply chain network alternatives would be relevant to the task faced by J&J in Europe. As J&J is focusing on reducing overall costs with a new development in terms of the rising transportation cost due to the decrease in the number of facilities; this step will help apply a suitable qualitative model to the current logistics system and to the alternatives systems under J&J’s consideration hence facilitating the formulation of their overall supply chain network design. Also Step 4: Conducting a facility location analysis will further address their location concerns by effectively analyzing local factors and resources of different localities and choosing the one that benefits them most. Lastly Step 6, developing an implementation plan will address the qualitative concerns of J&J as they despite the changes in their network design want to maintain a high level of product and services quality. Are there oth er factors the network optimization study should have considered? The network optimization study should have also considered factors such as environmental issues like disaster planning, competitive pressures and the economic climate. The sensitivity issues such as parametric analysis of inputs should also have been considered.

A Love Story :: essays research papers

It all started when I was 16 years old. While I was playing outside on my farm in California, I met a boy. He was an average kind of boy who teased you and then you chased them and beat them up. After that first meeting in which I beat him up we kept on meeting and beating each other up at the fence. That only lasted for a little while though. We would meet at the fence all the time and we were always together. I would tell him all my secrets. He was very quiet he would just listen to what I had to say. I found him easy to talk to and I could talk to him about everything. In school we had separate friends but when we got home we would always talk about what happened in school. One day I said to him that a guy I liked hurt me and broke my heart. He just comforted me and said everything would be okay. He gave me words of encouragement and helped me get over him. I was happy and thought of him as a real friend. But I knew that there was something else about him that I liked. I thought of it that night and figured it was just a Friend kinda thing that I was feeling. All through high school and even through graduation we're always together and of course I thought of it as being friends. But I knew deep inside that I really felt differently. On graduation night even though we had different dates to the prom I wanted to be with him. That night after everybody went home I went to his house and wanted to tell him that I wanted to see him. Well, that night was my big chance and all I did was just sit there with him watching the stars and talking about what I was going to do and what he was going to do. I looked into his eyes and listened to him talk about what his dream was. How he wanted to get married and settle down. He said how he wanted to be rich and successful. All I could do was to tell him my dream and cuddle next to him. I went home hurting because I didn't tell him how I was feeling. I wanted to tell him so bad that I loved him but I was too scared and frighte! ned.

Night Analogies Essay

This book invoked a lot of empathic and sympathetic emotions in my senses. I loved the symbolism, imagery, and allegory of this text, although painful, it portrayed the life of Jews and their torture. â€Å"Night† is used throughout the book to symbolize death, darkness of the soul, and loss of faith. As an image, it comes up repeatedly. Even when the scene is literally set during the day, night may be invoked. Consider all the terrible things that happen at night: Mrs. Schachter has her visions of fire, hell, and death; (Wiesel 24-27) Elie and his father arrive at Auschwitz and see the smokestacks and wait in line all night long with the smell of death in their noses; there is the night the soup tastes like corpses(67); they march through long nights and, stacked on top of each other, smother each other to death in the night; Elie’s father dies during the night (110-112). As Elie says himself, â€Å"The days were like nights, and the nights left the dregs of their darkness in our souls† (100). Night is thus a metaphor for the way the soul was submerged in suffering and hopelessness. It represented the endless torture and death of these HUMAN.I empathize the word humans because if one reads this book, you would think the Jews were in human. All the pain and misery leads one to believe that Jews were not even worthy enough to be called a human, but the question that arises all the time for me is†¦.WOULD A DOG BE TREATED IN SUCH A MANNER? The fact that fire and flames were used to symbolize death was quite disturbing at times throughout the scenes of this book. In Chapter two, as the train full of Jews from Sighet approaches Auschwitz, Mrs. Schachter has a vision of fire and flames. (24-27) She screeches about the fire through the long night and then again the following night. When they at last arrive at Auschwitz, the inhabitants of the car understand what she was talking about: the crematoria, where bodies of prisoners are burned. â€Å"My soul had been invaded– and devoured—by a black flame. Fire is an ever-present threat of death; the view and the smell of the crematoria permeate all aspects of life in the concentration camps, reminding the prisoners of their closeness to death. It was never a moment that peace dwell ed with them while in the confines of the German empire. Lastly the image of corpses is used not only to describe literal death, but  also to symbolize spiritual death. After liberation, when Elie looks at himself for the first time in many months, since the Ghetto, he sees a corpse in the mirror. (115) The look in his eyes as he stares at himself never leaves him. It speaks of the horror he has experienced and seen, which stole his childhood innocence and his faith in God’s mercy and justice. This was the hard pill to swallow. Not only does he feel and look dead, but he is far from dead. There comes a time when you have been beaten and town down so much and so long to the point that you actually become dead. This scene illustrates the dying of humanistic characteristics while still living, (THE WALKING/LIVING DEAD!) Who could ever be okay with living like this

The Mission Of The Housing Authority Of New Orleans

The mission of the Housing Authority of New Orleans is to provide affordable housing opportunities for low-income residents of the city of New Orleans, while laying the foundation for economic sustainability. This paper will come from a problem solving perspective on the case of Mrs. Marva Jackson. Mrs. Marva Jackson is a 55 year old women who has 8 kids. She’s been a resident of the Fischer Housing Development her whole life. So she should be aware of Housing Authority of New Orleans housing policies on what is required and what isn’t required. Well, Mrs. Marva have come through many challenges in her life. One tragedy is that two of her children were found deceased under the bridge, one daughter passed away from an unknown illnesses and three sons have mental illnesses. Due to the trials Mrs. Marva have dealt with in life have caused her to develop a hoarder’s disorder. This disorder have caused Mrs. Marva to consume her life collecting items that bring value to what was lost in her life. She has collected a lot of items and have caused her home to become clutter. However, due to the rules and regulations by Hano; a tenant cannot block hallways and walkways in the u nit in case of a fire. Due to Mrs. Marva illnesses, she rarely employed and has a hard time staying employed. Mrs. Marva lack of employment have caused her bills to get behind, which has landed her on the eviction list. Housing Authority Policy demands that anyone, who is on Section 8 and is living within oneShow MoreRelatedSpeech On Human Trafficking911 Words   |  4 Pages Events in New Orleans In New Orleans, there have been event of sex trafficking of young girls for sexual purposes in Baton Rouge and New Orleans. 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